The Economist
February 7, 2025
The doomsday cult’s guide to taking over a country" ... Over the past decade, Fiji – a tropical nation whose name summons visions of cocktails under verdant palm trees and luxurious oceanside resorts – has become a haven for Grace Road, one of many shadowy Korean cults that have found footholds abroad. Since it arrived in Fiji in 2013, Grace Road has been accused by local and foreign police of forcing its 400-odd followers to work in its businesses, abusing them with violence and sleep deprivation, and kidnapping their family members. The cult has also been accused of corrupting members of Fiji’s former government, which allegedly helped fund Grace Road’s commercial ventures and resisted international warrants to arrest its members.
Most Fijians have turned a blind eye to these allegations. Locals have become enamoured with the products and services offered by Grace Road – and the promise of economic development represented by its businesses, which are as omnipresent on the island as Starbucks is in America. The bizarre, parasitic relationship that has developed between Grace Road and Fiji exemplifies the risks that arise when a small, poor nation chases prosperity by sacrificing some of its sovereignty to mysterious outsiders – in this case, a cult preparing for the world’s end – and the immense difficulty of expelling these groups once they have put down roots."
"In the latter half of the 20th century – as South Koreans grappled with the legacy of Japanese colonial rule (which came to an end with the second world war), the traumatic division of the Korean peninsula, a series of brutal military dictatorships and nuclear threats from their northern neighbour – cults sprouted throughout the country. According to Tark Ji-Il, a professor at Busan Presbyterian University who is an expert on South Korean cults, the country’s social and political troubles were “turning points” that made doomsday messages particularly appealing to people who were desperately seeking stability. Most of the nascent cults had their roots in Christianity, but with an alarming twist: their founders typically claimed to be the modern incarnation of Jesus, demanded obsessive devotion and predicted the imminent end of the world. Today, about a third of South Korea’s population consider themselves Christians; of that number, Tark estimates that around a tenth are members of cults.
Most Fijians have turned a blind eye to these allegations. Locals have become enamoured with the products and services offered by Grace Road
In recent decades, cults have played roles in some of the country’s biggest scandals. Tark’s own father, a prominent theologian, was fiercely opposed to them; in 1994, three days after criticising a cult on television, he was stabbed to death in what appeared to be a retaliatory attack. In 2016 South Korea’s president was impeached after it emerged that the family of a shamanistic cult leader (whom many in the country called a “Korean Rasputin”) had edited her speeches, advised her on policy and used government connections to press the country’s largest businesses into donating $69m to cult-controlled charitable foundations. In 2023 a Netflix documentary alleged that leaders of several of South Korea’s largest cults raped and sexually exploited many of their followers.
Some of these groups have established outposts among the Korean diaspora in countries such as America, South Africa, Singapore and Japan. The best known is the Unification church – often referred to as the “Moonies”, after the surname of its founder – who came to global attention for organising mass weddings between members. (In 2022 Abe Shinzo, a former prime minister of Japan who had ties to the Moonies, was killed by a man whose mother bankrupted herself through donations to the cult.)
But even as Korean cults have become notorious for their eccentricity, their growth abroad has gone relatively unscrutinised. Partly this is due to confusion about who has jurisdiction over them – the governments of the countries where they have outposts or South Korea itself – as well as the difficulties authorities face in gaining the trust of Korean immigrant communities." [ ...]
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