At its height in the 1920s and 1930s, the society grew from a localized commune into an international movement with thousands of external members, bound together by unique eschatological beliefs, a global healing ministry, and an incredibly persistent public advertising campaign.
Core Origins and the 'Visitation'
The theological roots of the Panacea Society rested on Southcottianism, a lineage of English prophetic tradition tracking back to Joanna Southcott (1750–1814), a self-proclaimed Devonshire prophetess. Southcott had declared that an imminent Millennium (a 1,000-year era of divine peace) was coming and that a final female spiritual avatar would appear before Christ’s return.
The Panacea Society was organized around the belief that this line of revelation, known as "The Visitation," was actively manifesting through their own leader:
• Mabel Barltrop (Octavia): The widow of an Anglican clergyman, Barltrop emerged as the group's absolute spiritual authority. Her followers identified her as the "Divine Daughter of God" and the eighth prophet of the Visitation, giving her the name Octavia
• The Daily Script: Every evening, Octavia delivered written revelations—the "daily script"—prescribing both divine prophecy and strict, meticulous rules dictating how her followers should dress, behave, and maintain their households.
The Two Pillars of Activity
The group is remembered historically for two massive, highly funded initiatives that reached across the globe.
1. The Campaign to Open Joanna Southcott’s Box
Joanna Southcott had left behind a famous, tightly sealed wooden box containing her final prophecies. She left specific instructions that it must only be opened during a time of dire national crisis, and crucially, only in the presence of 24 bishops of the Church of England who were expected to spend days studying its contents.
The Panaceans believed the chaos of WWI and the interwar period was the exact crisis Southcott foretold. They spent vast sums of money on national billboard campaigns, newspaper advertisements, and petitions demanding that the Anglican episcopate fulfill its duty. They even purchased a large property adjacent to their headquarters specifically designed to host and house the 24 bishops when they finally arrived. The bishops, however, consistently ignored the requests.
2. The Universal Healing Ministry
The society adopted the name Panacea in 1923 to reflect a healing cure they offered freely to the world to eradicate all physical and mental illness.
The cure relied entirely on ordinary tap water energized by pieces of linen over which Octavia had breathed and prayed. The society shipped these small squares of linen completely free of charge to anyone who wrote to their Bedford headquarters. Recipients were told to immerse the linen in a pitcher of water to create "Water A," which they drank four times a day or diluted into bathwater ("Water B"). Remarkably, between 1924 and 2012, the society mailed out these healing packets to over 130,000 applicants across 90 countries, maintaining meticulous archives of the letters sent back by believers reporting their recoveries.
The Bedford Campus and Eden
The society acquired a series of Victorian villas along Albany Road in Bedford, creating an intentional, enclosed community campus. The members believed that Bedford was the literal, original geographic site of the Garden of Eden.
Within this secure enclave, they prepared for the apocalypse with pristine domestic order. They even meticulously maintained an end-of-terrace house known as The Ark, keeping it fully furnished, empty, and ready to serve as the immediate residence for the Messiah upon the Second Coming.
Evolution into a Modern Trust
Following Octavia's death in 1934 and the subsequent passing of her successor Emily Goodwin in 1943, the community’s resident numbers steadily dwindled. However, because early members had systematically signed over their personal wealth and real estate legacies to a formal structural framework established back in 1926, the society became extraordinarily wealthy.
By the early 2000s, the society held millions of pounds in property assets but had only a single digit number of surviving members. The last resident member, Ruth Klein, passed away in 2012.
Following her death, the organization officially closed its religious era and transformed into the Panacea Charitable Trust. Today, the historic campus operates as The Panacea Museum in Bedford, preserving the extensive archives of scripts, global healing correspondence, and the famous unopened box, while using its substantial endowment to fund local social initiatives and mental health services.
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