Showing posts with label Abstracts. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Abstracts. Show all posts

Jul 5, 2018

Japan Executes Cult Leader Behind 1995 Sarin Gas Subway Attack

Austin Ramzy
New York TimesJuly 5, 2018
The leader of a cult in Japan whose followers released deadly gas in the Tokyo subway in 1995, killing 13 people and injuring thousands, was executed Friday.

The cult leader, Shoko Asahara, was one of 13 people sentenced to death in connection with the attack and other killings carried out by the group, Aum Shinrikyo. He was hanged Friday morning along with six followers, Japan’s Justice Ministry said.

Japan, which generally reserves capital punishment for people convicted of multiple homicides, usually executes a handful of people each year. The date of executions is not announced in advance, and the condemned are usually only told a few hours beforehand.

But the executions of Mr. Asahara and his followers had been expected since January, when Japan’s Supreme Court rejected an appeal by the last member of Aum Shinrikyo to stand trial.

Members of the cult carried bags of sarin gas onto five crowded trains on three subway lines during the morning rush hour on March 20, 1995. The attack shocked Japan and undercut the country’s image as a safe and orderly nation.

The cult struck at a difficult time for Japan, coming during a period of painful economic stagnation and just months after an earthquake in the city of Kobe killed more than 6,000 people.

Mr. Asahara, who founded Aum Shinrikyo in 1987, was captured two months after the attack in one of the cult’s buildings. The group mixed Buddhist and Hindu teachings, and it had more than 10,000 followers in Japan and more than 30,000 in Russia at the time of the attack.

Pudgy, with long hair and a beard, Mr. Asahara worked as an acupuncture therapist, Chinese medicine retailer and yoga instructor before he created the group. He was visually impaired and attended a school for the blind, where he was known as a manipulative leader of other students, a role he continued with Aum Shinrikyo.

His multinational religious sect attracted young Japanese elite who had grown disenchanted with the country’s material prosperity. The group was militantly opposed to the governments of the United States and Japan, and Mr. Asahara preached that by the year 2000, Japan would be decimated by a series of attacks from America and its allies.

The Tokyo attack targeted the Kasumigaseki station, near the offices of several ministries, raising suspicions that it was a meant to be a coordinated attack on the government.

During his trial Mr. Asahara said little, and he yawned and muttered incoherently when he was found guilty and sentenced to death in 2004. The judge said the attack was planned in order to prevent the police from cracking down on the cult.

Before the 1995 attack, the group had been linked to more than two dozen deaths. The police had been criticized for not moving faster to stop the group, particularly after a smaller gas attack in Nagano prefecture in 1994 that killed eight people. Mr. Asahara, 63, was also found guilty of planning that attack.

The trials of Mr. Asahara and other cult figures took years, and victims’ family members said the executions marked the end of a long process.

“I was expecting this would happen soon,” Shizue Takahashi, who lost her husband in the subway attack, told the Japanese public broadcaster NHK. “And after 23 years, the time has finally come. That’s all I feel.”

Minoru Kariya, whose father was killed by the cult, said, “I think the executions were righteously held following the law,” NHK reported.

Mr. Asahara’s fourth daughter, who said she was abused by her parents and wished to have no relationship with them, said last year at a news conference that she was at peace with her father’s sentence.

“I don’t wish for his execution and never said so,” said the daughter, who goes by the name Satoka Matsumoto. “But given the weight of the crimes my father committed, there is no other way to take responsibility except carrying out the death penalty. It’s fair and the sentence should be carried out.”

The cult went on to rename itself Aleph, and Japanese officials say it and other splinter groups still have about 1,650 members. Its presence is still reported abroad, too. In 2016 Montenegro expelled 58 foreigners linked to the group, including 43 people from Russia, seven from Belarus, four from Japan, three from Ukraine and one from Uzbekistan.

Yoshihide Suga, the chief cabinet secretary, said the authorities were on alert to prevent any retaliation after the execution.

Makiko Inoue and Hisako Ueno contributed reporting from Tokyo.

A version of this article appears in print on July 6, 2018, on Page A6 of the New York edition with the headline: Japan Hangs Cult Leader For 1995 Subway Attack



https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/05/world/asia/japan-cult-execute-sarin.html

Nov 7, 2017

How the prosperity gospel is sparking a major change in predominantly Catholic Brazil

To demonstrate their wealth and power, Pentecostal congregations have built enormous churches across the Brazilian landscape. Amid Sao Paulo’s high rises sprawls one compound that is perhaps the most lavish of all: a re-creation of the biblical Solomon’s Temple. (Lianne Milton/Panos Pictures for The Washington Post)
Sarah Pulliam Bailey
THE WASHINGTON POST
October 31, 2017

Speaking from a stage encircled by 12 large wooden crosses, Gabriel Camargo held up wads of fake Brazilian money, showing his flock what could be theirs.

"God will bless you if you give a lot more to the church," said Camargo, a Pentecostal pastor with the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God.

Then he extended an arm and pointed a black pouch toward his parishioners in the working-class neighborhood of Osasco.

Pick up your wallets and purses, he said, instructing his flock to look for Brazilian reais. About a dozen people hurried forward to dump bills and coins into the bag.

Those without cash didn't have to worry: An usher held out a credit card machine. "You'll have so much money" after giving generously to the church, the pastor boomed, that "smoke is going to come out of the machine."

In a country struggling with the worst economic crisis in its history, with long lines at unemployment offices and public health clinics, perhaps it's not surprising that Brazilians are increasingly drawn to the promises of personal wealth.

The belief that faith can lead to riches — known as the prosperity gospel — is a form of Pentecostalism, a Protestant movement that, in a modern-day version of the Protestant Reformation 500 years ago, is challenging the dominance of the Catholic Church in Latin America's most populous country.

Brazil, which has the most Catholics of any country in the world, is undergoing religious debates similar to those sparked in 1517 by a fiery German preacher named Martin Luther — over church riches and corruption, political power, and the proper way to read the Bible. By 2030, Catholics, now the religious majority in Brazil, are projected to become a religious minority.

Pentecostalism, which is sweeping across Latin America and Africa, is also challenging Catholicism worldwide. The Catholic Church has 1.1 billion members worldwide, about half of all Christians. But much of the global growth in Christianity is found in Pentecostalism, with about 300 million followers, according to the Pew Research Center.

Known for charismatic practices such as the laying on of hands for healing, exorcisms and speaking in tongues, and its emphasis on cultivating a personal relationship with Jesus, Pentecostalism has done a particularly good job of adapting itself to Brazilian culture, with pastors who tend to look and talk more like their flocks than Catholic priests do.

The prosperity gospel has spread quickly in poorer neighborhoods as the unemployment rate has climbed to a record 13 percent. The movement's promises of a better material life through actions such as giving and prayer, as well as its strict social rules in Brazil banning urban ills such as drinking and smoking, give followers a sense of structure and agency over their lives, said Paul Freston, a sociologist and an expert in Pentecostalism in Latin America.

"You learn to see yourself as an agent who has possibilities, who has the ability with God's help to achieve things, to get control of yourself," Freston said. "It doesn't mean you become rich, but it often means you rise from absolute destitution to dignified poverty."

Money matters

Much as they do in the United States, prosperity-gospel pastors also serve as role models for wealth attainment. Yet standing by the pool outside his $1.5 million house, Silas Malafaia, one of Brazil's most famous prosperity preachers, insists he doesn't live extravagantly.

Malafaia is one of the country's most prominent and controversial preachers, wielding enormous political clout on behalf of the evangelical population. In Brazil, the term "evangelical" is used synonymously with "Protestant," and about 70 percent of the country's Protestants are Pentecostal.

Many Brazilian pastors, like Malafaia, take their cues from prominent American prosperity-gospel preachers who have grown in influence as advisers to President Trump — even though only 3.6 percent of Americans are Pentecostal, compared with about a quarter of Brazilians. Evangelicals in Brazil have harnessed a voting bloc in the National Congress that enables them to lobby against gay rights and abortion and for the death penalty and limited government.

"Pentecostals have been a decisive element in tilting the Brazilian agenda toward conservative views and policies," said Joanildo Burity, who researches Brazilian evangelicals and politics.

Wearing a purple shirt, his hair slicked back, the 59-year-old Malafaia compared himself to evangelist Billy Graham, who was a friend of several U.S. presidents. There's nothing wrong with ministers having wealth if they get their money through side projects, he said, as he does through his spiritual bestsellers.

Pastors should also be compensated for the size of their ministries, Malafaia said.

"God wants me to be mediocre? The devil would give riches to everyone else," he said.

Malafaia said he is like Luther because he, too, wants the Bible in the hands of average parishioners instead of interpreted for them primarily by a religious elite.

"Have you ever seen the pope with a Bible in his hand?" Malafaia said. "The Catholic Church doesn't incentivize you to have the Bible in your hands. Catholics believe in leaders and the pope. Evangelicals believe in the Bible."

Indeed, most of the 4,000 people who streamed into his Assembly of God Victory in Christ church in a lower-class neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro for a Thursday night service came bearing Bibles in their hands. But even many Protestants in Brazil find it laughable that Malafaia is leading a reformation, because they believe leaders who focus on prosperity are selling a false gospel.

They put Pentecostalism's promise of personal wealth in exchange for donations on a level with the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences in exchange for the forgiveness of sins in the 16th century, a practice that was famously criticized by Luther.

Augustus Nicodemus Lopes, a Presbyterian minister, called the churches that promote a prosperity gospel "cults" and criticized their pastors for distributing healing cloths anointed with oil while asking for donations. "They're saying, 'Your pocket needs religion,' " Lopes said. He hopes for a reformation in Brazil — of Pentecostal churches.

Catholic Church competes

Pope Francis took his first overseas trip to Brazil right before it hosted the World Cup and the Olympics, when the country was riding a global commodities boom to prosperity. Many people here at the time felt the 2013 papal visit confirmed Brazil's position at the top of the world.

Manuel Jose da Penho and his wife, Maria, remember the exhilaration they felt when the pope showed up at their home. The couple recalled how their parish held Mass just once on Sundays before Francis's visit. Now the parish offers two Masses on Sundays and five on weekdays.

"After he came it was like a spiritual revival," said da Penho, who recently listed his two-bedroom house in a Rio de Janeiro slum for a premium price with the pitch "Pope Francis was here."

But experts say it's still too soon to tell whether enthusiasm for the first Latin American pope can counteract the rise of Pentecostalism, which had been well underway before the pope's visit.

The 2014 recession in Brazil complicated the church's challenge.

Now even with a popular pope, the church is desperately trying to keep young people like 28-year-old Marina Silva, who is unemployed, from leaving the faith. The prosperity gospel's promise of riches, however, is just one front in the competition.

Sipping orange juice in a Sao Paulo cafe before her next job interview, Silva explained that Brazilians are known for picking and choosing from different traditions in everything from food to art and music.

"We don't have strict characteristics," she said. "We mix things together to make them good. We are not like good little lambs."

To win over Brazilians, the Catholic Church is attempting to appeal to people such as Silva by mixing in charismatic components of Pentecostalism that have more emotional elements, including catchier music.

Catholic priests such as Marcelo Rossi, who has sold millions of CDs, have become increasingly popular. Rossi's Masses attract people from all over the city to his outdoor sanctuary.

At a recent service Silva attended, teenagers took selfies, live-streamed the service on Instagram and swayed along with their hands waving back and forth as if they were at a rock concert.

"Glory, glory hallelujah." Rossi sang, holding out his mic.

The competition for souls is so fierce in Brazil that every church must try mightily to stand out from the rest, said Odilo Scherer, archbishop of Sao Paulo.

"Today, people go by their personal subjective tastes and experiences," said Scherer, who was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI. "In our Brazilian context, religion is presented as a product in a marketplace which seeks to please the customer and present a product that is appetizing."


Church patrons outside a Pentecostal re-creation of Solomon's Temple in Sao Paulo wait in line to collect water believed to have healing properties. (Lianne Milton/Panos Pictures for The Washington Post)

Charges of corruption

To stand out in this marketplace and demonstrate their wealth and power, Pentecostal congregations have built enormous churches across the Brazilian landscape. Amid Sao Paulo's high-rises sprawls one compound that is perhaps the most lavish of all — a re-creation of the biblical Solomon's Temple.

Inside, an auditorium that seats 12,000 is flanked on both sides by menorahs, a nod to the church leaders' love for Jewish symbolism. Security guards in black suits buzz about as female ushers in white tunics and gold sashes hold large golden baskets in preparation for the offering. After services, members flock to a water fountain to fill up empty bottles with water that has been blessed.

The temple's construction in 2014 carried obvious symbolism: The biblical story of Solomon suggests that when he was king of Israel, he asked God for wisdom and was granted wealth, as well.

The massive church has also come to symbolize a challenge ­facing Pentecostalism in Brazil. Much like leaders of the Catholic Church in Europe during Luther's time, some prominent Pentecostals have become embroiled in high-profile political and financial scandals.

Edir Macedo, pastor at the temple and founder of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God denomination, has fought allegations of corruption, including that his church siphoned billions of dollars set aside for charity. In 1992, Macedo spent 11 days in jail on charges of charlatanism .

Still, Macedo maintains enormous reach through TV and social media, and his political endorsements are hugely influential. A 2015 Datafolha poll showed that his church was considered the fifth most-influential institution in Brazil, above the presidency. The mayor of Rio de Janeiro, Macedo's nephew, is a bishop in the denomination.

Other prominent Pentecostals have been involved in scandals splashed across Brazil's front pages. Megachurch pastors Estevam and Sônia Hernandes were arrested in 2007 in Miami and pleaded guilty to illegally smuggling money into the United States. A prominent Pentecostal, Eduardo Cunha, was the first major politician sentenced to prison this year in a huge corruption scandal called Operation Car Wash that has ensnared many high-profile politicians.

"What makes this scandalous, of course, is that the evangelicals set themselves apart rhetorically as a force for moral goodness and order," said Eric Miller, a professor at Geneva College in Pennsylvania who studies Brazilian religion.

Even so, many Brazilians are already jaded by political bribery in the country in general, so it's difficult to say whether scandals are enough to turn people away from Pentecostalism, Miller said.

But the Catholic Church has at least one advantage over its Pentecostal counterparts in Brazil. While it doesn't promise riches, it tends to do a better job of providing social services such as food and shelter, said Celso Rudeck, a pastor in a Catholic parish across the street from the re-creation of Solomon's Temple.

So sometimes when former Catholics tire of praying for money without result, they return to the flock for help in this world, he said.

Bailey reported this article on a fellowship from the International Reporting Project.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/social-issues/forget-the-germans-this-is-where-the-protestant-reformation-debates-are-happening-now/2017/10/29/7723af30-b807-11e7-be94-fabb0f1e9ffb_story.html

Oct 16, 2017

Levitating Over The Church-State Wall?

Transcendental Meditation In Public Schools
Hollywood Celebrities, Ex-Beatles Join Forces To Push Transcendental Meditation In Public Schools

June 2009
Featured
By Rob Boston

Public school officials in Marin County, Calif., may have thought they were doing something non-controversial when they suggested starting a Transcendental Meditation (TM) club for students and teachers in 2006. Instead, they quickly learned they had stepped into a minefield.

Angry parents lined up to speak at school board meetings. Several threatened litigation. One agitated parent denounced TM as a “cult.”

Facing unrelenting public backlash, officials quickly dropped the idea of bringing TM to Terra Linda High School in San Rafael.

In Arizona, however, TM received a different reception. Officials at the Tucson Unified School District implemented the practice in several high schools and say there have been no complaints from parents. They insist the program has helped some students boost their academic performance.

Slowly but steadily, TM seems to be gaining a foothold in public schools across the country. The trend has alarmed some advocates of church-state separation, who point out that the practice is based in Hinduism and that the federal courts removed it from New Jersey public schools on church-state grounds in 1979.

This latest push for TM in public schools features a new wrinkle: It’s being backed by a formidable combination of star power and big bucks. Leading the charge is avant-garde filmmaker David Lynch, a committed TM devotee who claims the practice can lead to world peace. Backed by remaining Beatles Ringo Starr and Paul McCartney and other celebrities, Lynch has formed a foundation that is offering public schools generous cash grants to implement TM programs.

The David Lynch Foundation for Consciousness-Based Education and World Peace, based at the American headquarters of the TM movement in Fairfield, Iowa, is a multi-million dollar entity. It exists to “provide financial support for Consciousness-Based educational initiatives at public, private and charter schools…to specifically enable all students…to learn the Transcendental Meditation Program and its advanced techniques.”

TM advocates are fanning out across the country, promoting the program as the solution for everything from poor academic performance and fidgety kids to unruly student behavior and gang violence.

How many public schools have taken the bait?

It’s hard to say, due to the decentralized nature of the U.S. educational system. Reporting on the spread of TM last year, Newsweek said Lynch’s foundation has provided funding for more than 2,000 students at 21 schools and universities.

A search of several news databases by Americans United uncovered references to TM being taught in public schools (including charters) in San Francisco, Detroit, Washington, D.C., and Hartford.

That may be just a start.

Lynch, director of such offbeat films as “Blue Velvet,” “Wild at Heart” and “Mulholland Drive,” has grand ambitions and is targeting public schools nationwide. His followers have recently proposed TM programs in Elgin, Ill.; Worchester, Mass.; Providence, R.I.; and Lexington, Ky.

News accounts about the proposals often cite an April 4 event titled “Change Begins Within,” an all-star concert featuring Starr and McCartney at Radio City Music Hall in New York City. The music festival seems to have been the kickoff for a full-court TM press – with public schools as a big target.

A story in the Providence Journalnoted that Lynch has vowed to raise $20 million to bring TM to inner-city school children considered “at risk” nationwide and that a $625,000 grant has been offered to Providence schools. (A spokesperson for the Providence school system told the Journal she has seen no such proposal.)

Americans United is urging school officials to turn down the money, reminding educators that TM in the schools can spark litigation. In 1976, Americans United and other groups joined with Roman Catholic and Protestant parents to bring a lawsuit against the use of TM in five New Jersey public schools.

Funding for the New Jersey program came from what was then called the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare and was pitched as an “experiment.”

A federal court struck down the TM classes in October of 1977, a decision that was affirmed by the 3rd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in February of 1979.

Ruling in Malnak v. Yogi, the federal appeals court declared that TM is grounded in Hinduism. Students, the court pointed out, were assigned the name of a Hindu god to chant, and even went through a type of religious initiation ceremony called a puja.

During the puja, a TM teacher sits before a student and recites in Sanskrit a long list of Hindu deities, stating in part, “Guru in the glory of Brahma, Guru in the glory of Vishnu, Guru in the glory of the great Lord Shiva, Guru in the glory of the personified transcendental fullness of Brahman, to Him, to Shri Guru Dev adorned with glory, I bow down.”

Have things changed in 30 years? Has TM somehow become secularized?

Americans United says that’s not likely. The roots of TM remain religious. The movement came to America in 1959 through the efforts of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, an Indian mystic whose popularity soared after he converted the Beatles in the late 1960s. (See “The TM Trip.”)

The Maharishi died in 2008 at age 91. He was living in semi-retirement in the Netherlands, but the movement he sparked now has a worldwide presence. Increasingly, TM adherents are seeking to ingratiate themselves with U.S. public schools and other government entities – an approach often duplicated in other countries.

TM officials have insisted all along that their movement is not religious, usually labeling it a type of science. In 1978, a TM attorney refused to concede that the group’s beliefs and practices are grounded in religion, calling TM a “true science.”

The 3rd Circuit Court didn’t buy it. TM practitioners, the court ruled, were attempting to “take a cow and put a sign on it that says ‘horse.’”

Today, TM’s Web site refers to it as “a technique,” an “experience” or a “process.” The site continues to link TM to science, calling it a series of “Maharishi Vedic Science programs.” The site steadfastly denies that TM is a religion.

But an academic who has studied TM believes differently.

J. Gordon Melton, a longtime scholar of religion and director of the California-based Institute for the Study of American Religion, says TM is firmly anchored in Hindu meditation.

“There is a specific way of doing Hindu meditation, and it’s supposed to accomplish certain altered states of consciousness,” Melton said. “It’s pretty much done in a religious context…. The religious practice is seen as basic.”

TM’s claims not to be a religion, Melton believes, are mainly a public relations ploy to make the practice more attractive to people – especially those who have been turned off by traditional dogmas.

“There is a certain group of people who want to do spiritual things but don’t want to be burdened, as they would call it, with religion,” Melton told Church & State. “They don’t want the religion they have left behind. Much of New Age religion is sold this way. People say, ‘We’re a spiritual teaching but not a religious teaching.’”

Melton, who frequently testifies in legal cases as to what constitutes a religion, said he believes courts would say TM fits the definition because it attempts to address what the philosopher Paul Tillich called the “ultimate concern” – questions such as why are we here and how are we to live.

What about TM’s claims to be a science?

Barry Markovsky, a University of South Carolina sociology professor, is skeptical of those. He points out that much of the research done about its alleged effectiveness does not stand up to scrutiny.

“They’re drawing conclusions about large-scale social effects of meditation using weak research designs and inappropriate statistics,” Markovsky said. “I don’t know anyone outside the TM organization who is qualified to assess the work and also believes it to be good science.”

Markovsky adds that the claims to be a science tend to be more common in the American branch of TM.

“This is sort of an American phenomenon, at least at the outset,” he said. “I think this was how they sought legitimacy in this country.”

In 2007, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services commissioned a study on the effectiveness of a variety of meditation techniques, including TM. The report included a meta-analysis of various studies of meditation over several years. It concluded that most of these studies were of poor quality.

“Overall, we found the methodological quality of meditation research to be poor, with significant threats to validity in every major category of quality measured, regardless of study design,” asserted the report.

Aside from church-state concerns, TM has been criticized on other grounds.

Adult TM courses, for example, are not free. It costs $2,500 to learn the system. Many parents are wary of their children being drawn into a system through public school that will lead to more classes with expensive fees.

TM has also been scored for making hyperbolic, pseudo-scientific claims. Over the years, advocates have insisted that TM can reduce stress, lower the crime rate, bring down high blood pressure, lower the rate of disease, reverse the aging process, end gang violence, lower the number of auto accidents, reduce terrorism, assist people in finding jobs, stop inflation, help cardiac patients recover and foster world peace – among other things.

Last year, Lynch told reporters he hoped to bring TM to Rio de Janeiro, a large Brazilian city plagued by a high rate of violent crime. He vowed that TM “would end the stress among youths and free the country of violence.”

In 2007, Lynch said TM could bring peace to the Middle East. According to Lynch’s calculations, Israel would need 268 trained meditators – reportedly the square root of 1 percent of the population – to generate peace. He reiterated the scheme at a press conference last month in New York.

“I’m not going to back off until they get a peace-creating group. Tell them!,” Lynch snapped at a reporter from the Jerusalem Post.

(Despite the hype, TM advocates have a spotty record in this area. In the summer of 1993, a band of TM devotees promised to reduce crime in Washington, D.C., by meditating for eight weeks. Crime did not drop overall, and although the murder rate reached a record high, the TM advocates claimed success anyway. It was later revealed that an “independent scientific review board” was stacked with TM boosters.)

TM promoters even claim they can overcome the law of gravity. Supposedly, some practitioners can learn to rise into the air while sitting in a lotus position – a practice TM boosters call “yogic flying.” The Maharishi also claimed he could teach people how to become invisible, have supernormal powers of vision and hearing and to “bilocate,” that is, be in two places at once.

These claims may seem absurd to many people, but Markovsky said the TM followers he has talked to over the years are truly convinced that their system is effective. The zeal many practitioners feel, he said, helps explain why so many are eager to promote it in public schools and other institutions of government.

TM followers, Markovsky continued, are convinced that their system of meditation is affecting individuals all over the planet, whether people are aware of that or not.

“They don’t think of it as trying to take over the world, they think of it as enlightenment,” Markovsky said. “They will bring their enlightenment to the world. You can ask them, ‘What if someone doesn’t want to be enlightened?’ They will say, ‘There’s nothing negative about it, there’s no downside.’ Their response to me has been, ‘It’s all good, there are no possible negative effects from this.’ To call that presumptuous is an understatement.”

Most recently, TM boosters have been criticized for playing hardball with critics.

John M. Knapp, a former TM practitioner who broke with the organization and now runs a Web site called TM-Free Blog, had to drop a planned Web-based symposium titled “Tell TM: Hands Off Our Schools!” The event was scheduled to take place two days prior to the New York concert, but Knapp cancelled it after receiving a severe letter from William Goldstein, general counsel for the David Lynch Foundation.

“The listed presenters at your event appear all to have a similar negative mission,” wrote Goldstein. “Therefore, I wished to give you the courtesy of an advisal that we intend to review the global web presentation of the event carefully for any false, defamatory, tortious, breachful, malicious or otherwise unlawful statements or materials made or published by you or the presenters.”

Markovsky, who was scheduled to participate in the symposium, said he found the Lynch Foundation’s approach heavy handed. Although he has made statements critical of TM in the past, Markovsky told Church & State his relations with people in the movement have generally been good. He thought the letter from Goldstein went too far.

“It had that chilling effect of short circuiting the presentation, and nothing got out to the public at all,” Markovsky said. “I thought that was really unfortunate.”

Staff members at Americans United are monitoring the spread of TM in public schools. AU has received some anonymous complaints about the matter, but that’s not enough to go back into court. It may take new litigation to uphold the Malnak ruling.

Not all forms of meditation, AU points out, are religious. But if there is a tie to a larger religious movement, the practice can and should be removed from public schools.

“Public schools are not supposed to be in the business of promoting religion – and that means any religion,” said Barry W. Lynn, executive director of Americans United. “Advocating for a Hindu-based religious practice in public schools is the same as pushing Christianity or another faith. It’s equally unconstitutional.”


Americans United
for Separation of Church and State
1310 L Street NW, Suite 200
Washington, DC 20005
(202) 466-3234
americansunited@au.org

“Americans United for Separation of Church and State,” “Americans United” and “Church & State” are registered trademarks of Americans United for Separation of Church and State. Site contents © 2017 Americans United for Separation of Church and State Privacy policy | Security policy

https://www.au.org/church-state/june-2009-church-state/featured/levitating-over-the-church-state-wall

Mar 20, 2015

Crux received the following statement from three men abused by Chilean priest Fernando Karadima.

Crux Staff
March 20, 2015

Our Statement Regarding the Appointment of Bishop Barros and the Responsibility of Pope Francis

Since his election we have put all our hope in Pope Francis. We have been encouraged by his words about sexual abuse when he told bishops: “We must continue to do everything possible to eradicate the plague of child sexual abuse in the church and open a path of reconciliation and healing for those who have suffered.” Furthermore: “Diocesan and superiors of congregations must verify that parishes and church institutions ensure the safety of children and vulnerable adults.”

We know that the appointment of bishops is something Pope Francis takes very seriously. However, people in Chile and throughout the world are disappointed because of the appointment of Bishop Juan Barros as head of the Diocese of Osorno, Chile. A man we know and have accused of witnessing abuse, our abuse, and therefore encouraging the perverse dynamics of power. The Chilean Bishops’ Conference, aware of the facts concerning Barros, supported him in a statement.

The Archbishop of Concepción, Fernando Chomalí­, met with the Pope a few weeks ago and warned him that the Barros appointment was causing consternation in Chile, not only in the community of Osorno, but throughout the country. Pope Francis admitted to knowing the suffering of the victims of Karadima and the damage to the Chilean church. However — despite everything — the Pope, through the Nuncio in Chile, Ivo Scapolo, reconfirmed Barros without considering the facts and warnings of so many people, including priests and bishops. With pain we see that the faithful will have to accept and deal with Pope Francis’ decision. A pain and fear we know too well.

Today, priests and lay people, people of good will from all corners of Chilean society question the appointment and will not participate in the installation of this bishop.

As survivors of the abuse by Karadima, and the complicity of Bishop Barros, we are accustomed to the blows we have received from the Chilean hierarchy, but never directly from the Holy Father. It is hard to believe that it was the Pope himself who said a few days ago: “families should know that the Church makes great efforts to protect their children, who have the right to address her with confidence, because it is a safe house.”

– Juan Carlos Cruz Chellew
– James Hamilton Sánchez
– José Andrés Murillo Urrutia
Santiago, March 19th 2015

Jul 4, 2013

A new and unique attempt by The Almost Daily Cult Newspaper (Daily Cult News) of journalism concerning cults, religion, and spirituality

ICSA Annual Conference, July 4-6, 2013 Trieste, Italy
Abstract

The Almost Daily Cult Newspaper (Daily Cult News) is a news blog, which is officially recognized as news media by the Google news and which specializes in the issues of social problems concerning cults, religion, and spirituality. It was founded on Oct 1st, 2009, by Yoshiro Fujikura, a Japanese journalist who has zealously done much coverage in this field. There are nine correspondents including Fujikura, all of whom are volunteers. Not all of the groups or individuals covered by the Daily Cult News are necessarily considered as cults, because this paper handles all topics concerning the friction between religion, spirituality and society. The Daily Cult News believes that wit, humor, and sarcasm, in addition to earnest coverage leveled at issues often passed over by conventional media, will help to foster and refine "cult watch culture" among "Netizens".

A measurement of Islamic religiousness among Pakistani migrants in Spain: analysis of their sectarian affiliations

Ana Ballesteros , Maria Jesus Martin Lopez, PhD; Jose Manuel Martinez Garcia, PhD

ICSA Conference Talk Abstract

Trieste, Italy, July 4–6, 2013 

The study we present here is the result of a PhD research on Islamic sectarianism in Pakistan. The fieldwork was done on the Pakistani community in Spain, mainly settled in Barcelona. Extensive qualitative interviews were undertaken with leaders of the different religious communities as well as its members, whereas quantitative data was provided through the analysis of questionnaires based on the Psychological Measure of Islamic Religiousness (H. Abu Raiya, K.I. Pargament, A. Mahoney & C. Stein, 2008), where some scales were used, and some not (the conversion scale was not included, considering we were interested in Pakistani Muslims not converts): items of Islamic religious dimension, Islamic wellbeing, purpose of life, satisfaction with life, religious struggle and fundamentalism were added, plus new questions focused on belonging to different sects, cults, and denominations, and their attitudes towards their in-group and out-group.

The main purpose was to find out how Pakistani Muslims live their religion, a deeper understanding of Islamic religiousness, and how the migration experience affects them. The biggest difficulty was to convince them to fill in a questionnaire, considering the closeness of the community, their distrust for the purposes of the research, or the fact that many of them are illiterate and might find the questions too hard to answer. For that reason, we have relied more on the qualitative analysis of the discourses of the leaders and members of the different religious groups: among the Sunnis, Deobandis: Tablighi Jama’at; Barelvis: Minhaj ul-Quran, Dawat-ul Islam; Ahl-e Hadith; Jamaat-e Islami; Sufis; Ahmadiyya and Shias.


Sep 1, 1994

The Cabal of the Kabbalah Centre Exposed: New Relations

Aynat Fishbein
The Israeli Magazine "Tel Aviv"
September 1994 

An investigation report which appeared in "Tel Aviv" two weeks ago, exposed the activity of Shraga Berg, how thousands of Israelis were entrapped by his charisma and adopted the doctrine of Kabbalah which he pretends to disseminate. As a result of that publicity, many people who served Berg, and awaked from him and left him, turned to the editors [of "Tel Aviv"]. Parents whose children - cut off and chained - are still there, also made contact [with the editors]. Their testimonies shed new and frightening light on the extent of the exploitation and degradation of the naïve believers.

The Man and his work

Memo on Shraga Berg, who calls himself a Kabbalist and a Doctor.

Rabbi Kabbalist Doctor Shraga Philip Berg, as he signs his books, 65 years old, went to Israel from New York, first 1962. His name then was Feivel Gruberger and his profession - insurance agent. He married the niece of the Kabbalist Rabbi Brandwein and distributed his books in the USA.

Berg claims that he was ordained in the USA early in the 50's, and received an additional ordination in Israel from Rabbi Brandwein. This was not confirmed by anyone, neither by Berg's former wife who he divorced nor by Rabbi Brandwein's close associates - who deny any connection to him except for that unfortunate marriage. In the early 70's, Berg immigrated to Israel for 2 years, returned to the USA, left his wife and 8 children to marry Karen - a completely secular woman. From that marriage issued 2 sons, Yehudah and Michael - the heirs.

It is difficult to trace the source of the doctorate he uses. It is known that one can easily obtain such a title in the USA for $10. "Leave it alone," said Berg, "it is a degree from a Christian university. I no longer use it."

Berg is not liked today in Israel by any group, religious or secular. His claim that he continues in the path of the Kabbalistic Rabbi's Ashlag and Brandwein, and that they are the founders of his center, arouses the wrath of the authentic heirs of these two rabbis. "There isn't a shred of truth in his claim," says Rabbi Ashlag's grandson with anger.

"They are degrading the Zohar. The distance between my grandfather and Berg is as the distance between east and west."

"He is far removed from Rabbi Brandwein," says also Baruch Horenchik, the late Rabbi [Brandwein's] right-hand man. "He is a zero. The Rabbi [Brandwein] never acknowledged him."

Among the other facts in which Berg does not bother to interest his followers, is the fact that contrary to law, ever since 1986, no one is reporting to the Income Tax Department for Non-Profit Organizations the millions that pass through the Center, with excuses such as "we didn't know that we needed [to report]."

____________________

"On the eve of Rosh Hashanah I telephoned my daughter in New York to wish her a good year," relates Y's mother, whose daughter is a single woman living in the New York branch of the Kabbalah Center. "She was not there, and as I did not speak to her for a few months, I asked the girl who answered the phone that she should contact me when she returns. The girl said that she should return in an hour. I waited an hour, two hours, the whole night, by the phone, I am still waiting."

The mother is choking from tears. She is an elderly woman, sad. "When she does contact us," says Y's brother, "I hear the kind of noise as if someone is listening in on the line. She probably also knows that she is being listened to, thus censors herself."

Ziva, who left the center after 15 years, smiles to herself. "This is not just kind of listening in," she says to [the brother]. "Rabbi Berg sits in a room with a whole slew of open telephones and listens to all conversations. This is how he 'discovers spiritually' each and every one's problems. There is though one thing you should know; your sister would not have censored herself. She doesn't even know that she is being listened to. She is simply completely brainwashed."

Two weeks ago an article was published here [in this publication] on the World Centre for Kabbalah of Rabbi Shraga Philip Berg who works on Bugrashov [street] and on the attached commune at 28 Mendele Street. By means of almost ingenious public relations, the center succeeds in attracting to its classes thousands of people a year and provides them with comfortable answers for their basic life-questions. These people invest there a lot of money. Some of them return to Judaism through the center and join the staff - the "crew of plowers."

They lived in crowded quarters, run-down apartments. Most hours of the day they work by going from house to house selling the books of the Zohar in exchange for a meager survival income. At night they arrive run-down, tired, for Zohar-reading classes, and they are very happy when the teacher tells them that they don't need to understand anything, just to connect to the Light. That [earlier] article reported [their claim] that the Light leads them and you do not argue with the Light. But is seems that it is possible.

Following that [first] article, many people turned to me - some of them refugees from the "crew" of the center, the rest, parents of the "crew." None of the parents are willing to be identified for fear that their already tenuous connection with their children will be cut off immediately at the "Rav" [Rabbi's] orders. Among the Kabbalah Center's refugees some are still afraid, almost a mystical fear of the Rav. Others, who went through a very difficult process of disassociation, are willing to do anything that other people should not fall into the net. "You wrote that perhaps it is not so bad to be used if the one being used wants this," says Vivi Marko who left after 8 years. "Believe me, the suffering one undergoes there, even if it takes years to understand and awaken from it, has a lot of evil in it."

The story belongs to tens of people represented by ten refugees. Some of them started their way with Rabbi Berg and his wife Karen immediately after he opened the institute in Israel in the early 70's. They all left a job, gave up on their livelihood and went to live the life of the Center.

The young ones left also their homes and families. These people, by their own admission, are the ones responsible for the personality cult that exists around the "royal couple." They are also the ones who with their own hands helped build the great fortune of the rabbi, which totals, according to his wife's admission to members of the Center, more than 20 million dollars. Most of the money was collected in the last 10 years.

The Personality Cult

Three whole families met with me. There is a connection between the fact that despite their experience they are the ones who did not separate and divorce and eventually left. Under other circumstances, for example, Vivi and her husband might have separated. She began and eventually changed her name to Naomi, and [her husband] followed with an obvious lack of enthusiasm and worked at the center for a salary. Their sons were divided in two. One went to every event, the other didn't want any connection. When Vivi understood that she needed to escape, her husband was with her.

Ziva and Nissim are from the old-timers of the center. Debby, their daughter, a student today, was raised in it and joined the "crew" the day after her matriculation. Another daughter who did not join was shunned by the rabbi and was ostracized from the family circle. The three of them left without collaborating with each other and at the same time.

Yossi and Etty Jersey from Bat Yam were in the center for a relatively short time when it was Yossi who was pushing and Etty who was trying to understand why this is happening to her. She was very happy when he understood by himself.

Even in the classes it is easy to identify the personality cult around the Bergs. Maybe not in the introductory course, but shortly thereafter. In each prayer they mumble his name. Before each meditation exercise "we area one with the Rav [Rabbi] and Karen," "the Rav says" is the opening of every second sentence of the teachers at the center, and lately a new invention was introduced: at festive meals, two empty huge chairs are added to the table, symbolizing the presence of the Rav and Karen there.

In the last few years the couple started speaking of themselves in the third person (i.e., "Is it impossible that the Rav made a mistake," as Berg indicated to Ziva, "when he didn't tell you to divorce Nissim?") Perhaps it is not surprising that they hold hundreds of people who, all like Vivi, will do anything for them: "If the Rav would have told me to jump off the roof of Kol-Bo Shalom, I would have done it and with great pleasure." When they recall the story of Uzzi Meshulam, none of them has any doubt that their Rav would have easily got them all to go to the streets with guns, and one word from him would have been sufficient to shoot at helicopters.

"The Rav decides everything connected to the lives of the crew," explains Vivi, "who marries who, who separates, who leaves the country and goes to another branch, and when he is to be transferred even from there. He is asked whether it is permissible to become pregnant, and Karen is asked how to have sexual relations. He decides if a sick child can take antibiotics. One woman had problems in giving birth and needed a Cesarean section. Her husband said that only the Rav can decide if she is allowed to have it, and went to contact him."

"The method is total severance from the past and from any base whatsoever," says Y's brother. "My sister wanders the whole time between New York and Toronto. She doesn't have one base, she doesn't have enough time to build relationships. She is always in a state of exhaustion. The separation from family, the changing of names, all this is part of the system. They bring a person to physical and emotional disintegration. This is a mystical cult in every way, with a guru and brainwashing."

Vivi: "The methodology is divide and rule, even with families. Karen decides everything. If, for example, she sees that there is too great a love between a couple, and this threatens her, she knows how to separate, and she always wins. One day, when I was in New York, she returned to us in a light-headed mood from a European center and told all the girls that the husband of someone wants to divorce her because she gained weight and no longer attracts him. All of us, like good little kids, sat and laughed. Later someone told this to that woman and she was broken. Yet Karen tells is that we are not allowed to gossip!"

Ziva: "Berg always says, 'The Rav must know everything.' Everyone squeals, for this helps the Rav to know how to act with people. It is impossible to trust anyone over there - neither husband, nor parents, nor children. I myself squealed on a very good friend of mine. I don't know if today she is angry with me or thanks me, but that was the reason she left the center."

Everyone there knows the story of one of the prominent boys in the center who was in love with one of the girls and she with him. The Rebetzen [Karen] decided that there will not be a marriage. She married the girl off to another boy and sent the unhappy couple to the center in the USA. The broken boy was sent immediately after them, to work with them. The 3 couples who come to the meeting [with the author of this article] also experienced separations for months at Karen's dictates. Yossi Jersey was sent to start a branch in Mexico and pregnant Etty remained alone in Israel.

Squealing behind the back

"The squealers seem to you happy?" Debby laughs. "Life over there is nightly crying on the pillows, squealing behind the back and no one to talk to. Two days after my matriculation, I moved to the girls' apartment near Bugrashav Street. Plowing is an impossible job, and I do not believe anyone telling me that he loves it. You wake up in the morning, try to postpone exiting with another cup of tea until you can't anymore. You take the bag [of books to be sold], and there are girls that the bag weighs four times as much as they, and we start running. There were days that they used to tell us - 'Run, fast, this is a holy time period.' At the end of the day we return completely finished - and then we start learning. After five months I was told that I am going to France to plow. I was ecstatic. The moment they send you abroad there is a potential to get to New York and be with the Rav."

Ziva: "I was also happy of the merit that my daughter is traveling to plow over there."

Debby: "I arrived. They gave me a huge bag and told me to look for mezuzot on the doors. So you climb on foot buildings of seven floors and there are no mezuzot. I had to inquire with the doorman if there are Jews in the building who are hiding in their mezuzot. Woe, how many times they shooed me away. One girl they even locked inside a building. After two weeks like that, my back was broken. I was unable to move. They sent me and three other girls to an orthopedic doctor. I was finished and told the manager of my branch that I wished that I was sick because I needed rest. This was immediately transferred to the Big Lady, Karen, and she ordered to have me returned to Israel. I begged for another chance. They gave me a week and then I really got sick. They sent me alone to Israel with high fever of 40 degrees Celsius. Only when I sat on my suitcase at the airport did I understand that when I did not bring them money, I was useless.

"The whole time I waited for the Rav and Karen to see who is my true mate and I should be happy. We lived 14 people in a 2 ½ bedroom tiny apartment: 3 girls and 2 families. The wife crying, the husband screaming. I understood that there is not much romance in here."

There are a few themes that keep repeating themselves in the stories about life at the center, especially in the New York branch. Degradation's, and a distinction between what is good for the crew and what is good for Shraga and Karen. "You are always incorrect there," says Yossi Jersey, "in true Judaism, to which I arrived later, they tell you to ascend one step at a time, and only when you are 100% certain, you go to the next one. But they, in order to hold you degraded, they always compare you to Rabbi Shimon bar Yohai the Ari [Rabbi Isaac Luria].

"Each incorrect action you do is 'Woe and woe, the Ari wouldn't have done this.' You are always in a status of worthlessness. You don't sleep right; you are zero spiritually, you don't have a moment to think about what they tell you. Then you transfer to the stage of parroting: you take all the sentences they tell you and tell them to yourself."

Vivi: "I felt it was a great mitzvah [meritorious act] for me clean Karen's washrooms. I used to clean her slippers with a toothbrush. Karen never works. Everyone works for her."

How do they live in New York? Ziva: "Many young families sit around them. The Rav's house is a palace in a beautiful and rich neighborhood in Queens. Around him there are a few small houses in which the rest of the people live."

Nissim: "I worked for them in renovations. Once they bought a run-down house. I fixed it and a short time afterwards it was sold for a great profit. In that period they bought many houses."

Vivi: "The personality cult begins in the smallest of things. When everyone goes to wash their hands after a meal, the royal couple does not move. We bring them water to the table. An hour beforehand we were fighting who would bring them the dish. Once Karen gave me a job: to bring her ice which she used to chew all the time. I would be standing and she would signal me to bring her more. Today, with hindsight, I think that I cannot be degraded any more in this world."

Vivi's son, the soldier, bursts out: "This was the function of the children. We used to hide the dish from each other. We had signals. When a certain song would be finished, it would be the time to run and bring out the dish. We used to plan how to sit closest to the dish, in readiness. At the end we simply created a rote. We used to run with a small chair for the Rav's feet, to slide it under them the moment he would lift his legs. In general, the children had especially rough degradation's. They cast us aside to eat on the side so that we would not disturb the Rav's energy."

Debby: "When we lived in new York, my brother and I were 12 and 9 years old. They left us alone in the house, shivering from fear, because the Rav didn't want that we should come to him, to a house full of energy."

Ziva: "In the Gulf War, Karen invited us to come to New York, at our expense, of course, but only without the children."

Vivi: "One of the teachers at the center had 3 children. For years they used to move them from place to place. 3 years ago, the Rav and Karen decided that one of the girls, 8 months old, needed a correction because she was a Leo. They left her alone on the 3rd floor of one of the buildings in Queens, and the mother they left on the first floor. The girl screamed and cried without food or anything, and no one approached her by edict of the Rav."

What do they Live Off, How do they Eat?

Yossi: "When I lived there, and worked the whole day, at the end of the day, I would look for a pizza that would be 50 cents cheaper so as to return sated. Then I would come and see a van being unloaded with food worth hundreds of dollars for Karen's 3 dogs."

Ziva: "I cooked there 3 months. Both of them eat the best and most expensive things ever. They live like kings. They throw their clothes on the floor because they have someone to pick up after them, clean and launder for them. Karen wears the most expensive sun-glasses, the most expensive wigs. The other women walk around with donated rags on their heads."

Vivi: "She had plastic surgery, a face-lift and a whole set of teeth installed. Yet someone had a tooth pulled for $120 and was screamed at for wasting the center's money. You have to understand how we lived. A girl gets $36 at the beginning of the week, and a boy gets $50 a week. From this you need to eat and manage. True, you don't starve to death, you buy wholesale, but the Rav and Karen have a separate fridge upon which it is written not to take anything from it. Yet we stand and cook for them the whole day fresh and tasty food. The plowers do not buy clothes; they receive donations, and Karen walks around with hands full of diamonds.

"Even from the money we get, we are not allowed to buy everything, for that is a waste. One woman bought her daughter something from that money, threw the wrapping away and shoved it into her bag, and told Karen that it was a gift. She begged me not to tell them. Another one, tired of having her hair cut by the hairdresser who cut all our hair, used money sent to her by her mother to have her hair cut at another hairdresser. What a commotion there was! For 'money is energy; thus why not donate it to the center?"

"When my brother returned from New York, he was as skinny as a skeleton," remembers the sister of B, a crew-member who spoke to his parents perhaps 4 times in the last 6 years. "He came home, took money from his parents, who had also subsidized his flight to Israel, and disappeared. We hardly saw him in the two weeks he was there."

"now I understand why Y does not write or contact me," says the mother, "she doesn't have time."

Vivi smiles sadly: "To write home means to steal time from sleeping or showering. You simply fall apart from exhaustion. Even on Shabbat - you work until 5 minutes before the beginning of Shabbat, prepare a meal, run to take a shower, and don't even manage that at times. There were times that suddenly after we finished, Madame Karen looks at the sky, sees that it is a nice day, and informs that everything is to be moved upstairs to the veranda. We drag and they look."

Degradation as Tikun (correction)

Shraga and Karen are not the only ones enjoying the cheapest and most dedicated room-service in the world. The wealthy donors enjoy it also. Not those who withdraw their $3000 savings-plans, or take their compensation-funds after leaving their jobs, to transfer it all automatically to the center, but whose who fill Berg's pocket with enormously large sums of money for the privilege to sit by his side during prayer or on a holiday.

"They told us that they criticize is and degrade us for our benefit, that this is a Tikun (correction)," says Vivi, "which on millionaires does not work. They never get up to wash the dishes, nobody screams at them; they only get smiles. Sometimes they come with us to Israel, and then we iron and launder for them, feed them and take care of them. Some people broke simply from this hypocrisy. Not me. I continued until other things broke me."

No doubt that the non-reporting to the Income Tax in Israel is one of the smallest transgressions of the center. Each of the people sitting in that room knew to tell me of other things that they themselves did happily, and their sole motive was to bring more money to the Bergs. There are, for example, methods to save on the very expensive medical insurance in the USA. "Karen recommended us to use that method," Ziva says, "and we, because we did not have money and the center did not subsidize any insurance for us, used it. You go to a hospital, give a false name and address, receive medical attention and leave. The bill is sent to that address. All of us did it, many, many times."

No less fabulous ideas get formulated by Berg whenever he collects contributions. For example, how to sell a Torah given to him as a donation. "For a long time there were 4 Torahs at the Rabbinate in Israel, from a synagogue that had closed," relates Ziva. "There is there a rabbi who likes my husband very much, and he took out 2 Torahs and donated them to the center. A short time thereafter somebody came who wanted to donate $36,000 to purchase another Torah for the center. A big celebration for bringing in a Torah was held in his honor, and suddenly we note that it was the Torah my husband had brought, except that they had made a new covering for it. When my husband later on told this to the Rav, the latter went berserk. He threw me out of their house in Nir Tzvi, screamed at me and my husband 'liar,' and there was great embarrassment."

"I don't want to mention all the words he used," says quietly Vivi's husband who tried to calm everyone. "I knew I had to make peace or it would end in the divorce of Ziva and Nissim. I begged a whole day until the Rav graciously agreed to forgive Nissim."

"And all this is taking place near the Torah that I brought," laughs Nissim. Everyone laughs; they experienced this. This is bitter laughter. Y's brother rose. He said: "You can laugh already. We still have a long time to wait."

Another way of making money is by selling mezuzot. Whoever bought lately a mezuzah from Benjamin Ricardo, a scribe of Torah, Tefillin and Mezuzot and a senior member of the center, should not rely on it to protect his house. "The mezuzot of Ricardo they send only abroad," says Ziva. "Only a few select individuals, with the Rav's special permission, can purchase them here. After Ricardo prepares them, they go to the airport. They grab there a religious Jew and give him a package to take abroad. Over there, contact is made with him and the package is taken away. That is how they save on shipping-costs, and other such silly things.

"One day we received a package in return, full of old broken mezuzot. Yehudah [Berg], the heir-apparent, explained that these are old mezuzot taken down from houses where Ricardo's mezuzot were placed. 'Sell them in Israel,' he said to me. That is: we should take the old papers and put them into new containers. I cried. How could I sell an old, torn mezuzot to a person who believes that this is what protects his house? They didn't even check if all the letters are good. This is one of the things that made me break."

Fraud, Gambling, Hitting

Even if one were to say that all is just being clever, the forging of a signature cannot be dismissed as simple cleverness. When Ziva and Nissim arrived in the USA, they had purchased for Nissim - who worked there for a long period of time - a life insurance, being helped through the Rav's professional experience as a former insurance agent. They gave the money to Karen and she transferred it to the insurance company. In 1993, after they left the center, they approached the insurance company with their request that the funds accumulated be sent to them. After many letters and telephone calls, when the company's agents did not understand who they are and what they want, they were sent a photocopy of a letter from 1989 indicating that the insurance money was transferred to the name of the center, Nissim's signature appears on that letter, very badly forged. One of the witnesses signed there was none other but Philip Gruberger, better known as Shraga Berg.

"In the end they returned the money," Ziva relates, "after my brother threatened them with a lawsuit. They never admitted the forgery. In a letter Karen sent me, she writes that Shalom, my brother better be careful before throwing stones. I prefer not to understand what she meant."

There is also fundraising in the streets, with special receipt-books, for the center's Yeshivot in Israel - in Jerusalem and Sefad. There's no one who didn't make others donate. Needless to say that no such Yeshovit exist. The center does not have a single Yeshivah in Israel.

Violence, especially towards the orthodox Jews, is just part of the daily routine. "We once came to the gravesite of Rabbi Shimon bar Yohai [near] Sefad," says Debby. "The orthodox asked that we separate, like everyone else, to the men and women's sections. In a provocative act we entered together. This ended up in punching. We hit them, and received hits also. We thought it to be proper. I remember how I screamed to my friend in the midst of this - 'They are kelipot (evil shells), we are hitting kelipot!'"

Berg was not willing to respond to this article. "I don't care what people who left have to say," says Benjamin Ricardo, his spokesman for this article. "There are always people for whom this is not suitable, and they leave. I am in the center for 15 years. I went through everything over there. I - and no one else - know everything that happens there. You don't understand the topic, and that is why I am not going to talk. Forget it."

All those who left, mentioned [above], and others who refused to be identified, compare their departure from the center to a rehabilitation from drugs. What brought them there was not stupidity. They call it emotional disability which found a response with the help of Berg's charisma. The departure, most of the time through painful dismissal when they no longer find favor with Karen and sometimes after a late awakening, was such a painful experience that it brought some to thoughts of suicide.

"When a person discovers to have been cheated, it is the greatest trauma," says Yossi. "For him it is the end of Spirituality in the world, and in my eyes this is one of their most severe sins. When a person leaves, he no longer believes in his own ability to earn a livelihood, to have a home and family. Myself, after a few months in the center, I left broken, with an immense lack of confidence. The road back is almost impossible."

"When I look back and realize who I made a god, I know that we are not all perfect," says Vivi; "after all, no one forced me. I take full responsibility and blame myself first - not only for what I did to myself and my family, but also for what I did to others when I collaborated and when I remained silent at the site of abuse. I left there knowing that I was mistaken in all that I thought about myself. Suddenly, I saw that I was garbage. Then started the terrible battle within myself. It is impossible to describe how difficult it is. It is worse than death. It is worse than drugs. You are condemned to live in a crazy state all the time. My luck was that I had an anchor, my husband and my children. The young ones do not have no where to go, no shoulder to cry on. I don't know how they will leave from there, if ever."

"And believe me," says Vivi, a moment before we departed, when it was clear that most of the things were not said, that it was impossible to tell all, "I was ready to do a lot to hit myself over the head and return to what I had over there in the USA. Here [in Israel], it is so difficult. Over there it was so good and simple."

All the incidents mentioned here are only a partial list, brought up almost as an aside. This, as well as the fact that each Zohar, sold for IS845 ($340 in the USA, F2400 in France) hardly costs the center a penny, because from the moment of printing it is already subsidized by those who sponsor letters or chapters. Also, the fact that the Rav and Karen more than once took limousines, at the expense of the center, to gamble for their pleasure in Atlantic City. They even told of their experiences when they returned.

In the center they claim that in Israel they pay income tax. It is difficult to know if this is correct. But there is no doubt that the State of New York would find it quite worthwhile to check exactly what is happening in that neighborhood of Queens. Even if they do pay income-tax, one question remains: as long as no one reports to the Department of Income Tax Non-Profit Organizations Division (in Israel), how is it possible to know what money goes to the center and what does not, for example, to the pockets of Berg and Karen? They claim that all the moneys go to the center. What remains is to wonder about their high lifestyle.

Dancing Around A Bucket of Water

The ceremonies at the center, revealed only to the closest among them, remind one of what a neighbor of the Rav in Queens, Archie Bunker, used to call "mumbo jumbo."

On Passover, they dance around a bucket of water seven times, and they do a splitting of the Red Sea on it, with the Rav standing there and reading appropriate texts. On Sukot, on the day of Hoshana Rabba, there is the most mystical of all ceremonies - the checking of the shadow. "Hundreds of people stand in the full moon light," Debby describes, "a white bed sheet spread on the ground, and the Rav standing next to it. Each one in turn stands between the Rav and the bed sheet with legs and fingers widespread, and by the light of the moon, the Rav sees your soul inside the shadow and finds if it has an illness or shortcoming. To each one he gives advice along the lines of 'work on yourself.'"

"This is what he knows to tell everyone," says Vivi. "One day the Rav fell on the steps in the synagogue and everyone was given hell. 'Why isn't there unity; there are no energies, people are not strong enough!' When the Rav's Cadillac was broken into, we were all blamed for lack of unity and love. And when something would happen to one of us - 'ask yourself why, repent, you are not good enough yet.' He never asks [this of] himself. It is always we who are to blame."

[End of article. Additional insert on p.35]

We are all evil shells

A teacher who left talks about Berg's spiritual dogma

"I don't want to speak about what is happening there today." Says a former teacher of the Kabbalah Centre, as a physical fear, not a mystical one, causes him to remain anonymous. "I left before my soul was overcome with disgust as I saw the fraudulence in the material itself and I was looking for the real thing. It is preferable that people searching for spirituality turn in a Jewish direction, rather than the various Hare Krishna cults, but there [to the Centre] they should not go. They did horrendous things. Young men are being prevented from getting married so that they would remain their slaves, and this is only the beginning."

QUESTION: "Does Berg believe in himself?"

RESPONSE: "I was under the impression that he believes very much in what he does; even when he invents things a week late, he believes in them."

QUESTION: "How do people get sucked into something like that?"

RESPONSE: "They have a warm system, full of safety valves and defenses. This system awakens very grave doubts within a person the moment he begins to think about what he is being told. This is a Cult's methodology. The Rav dismisses everything around him so that he becomes the sole authority, in order to prevent people from thinking. He infuses his people with a completely empty pride that they are busy and working with issues which affect the world and all others, especially religious others, and the others are worthless."

QUESTION: "But how does this begin?"

RESPONSE: "People over there feel things very strongly, and it is impossible to argue with that. They live a normal existence, normal feelings, and fell other things, good things. It is not from logic; it is from emotions. People in need of love receive there things they never felt before. Berg believes in his own powers; he thinks that he is a spiritual superman, and people become very dependent upon things that he is supposedly responsible for. In order to do this, one needs to have charisma and some basic knowledge in how to manipulate people. It is difficult to explain this, but by certain actions it is possible to cause a person to feel these things. This is not true spiritually. Even I can get this out of anybody."

QUESTION: "And did you do that?"

RESPONSE: "Even after I began to have doubts, I would stand in a class and be amazed how people believe in me to so much an extreme, and seriously. Even once I did not believe at all in what I was doing, I was successful in causing other people to feel that I am truthful and transfer them this power. It is possible, and they use it in a negative way."

QUESTION: "Isn't this true Kabbalah?"

RESPONSE: "This is a very far cry from true Kabbalah. Kabbalah works on the balancing and unifying of logic and emotion. Over there, they do not use logic. They throw around a few axioms and everything works on that basis. One of the things that caused be to run away was that they do not use any text books. What they teach is the complete opposite to Rabbi Ashlag's Sulam translation. Berg's book are completely without roots in reality, full of physics of which he has no understanding and in which he enclothes the Kabbalah. If I were to sit with his people, within on minute they would see that they do not understand anything about Kabbalah."

QUESTION: "The religious people are afraid that they transmit the "Secret Knowledge" to the people."

RESPONSE: "All the Kabbalah that we learn at present is the simplest of the simplest levels of Sod (the Mystical Tradition). The Sod is transferred from teacher to disciple and only very few have it. Berg certainly does not. He formulated the simplest of the simplest."

QUESTION: "What are kelipot (evil shells, or husks)?"

RESPONSE: "In true Kabbalah, kelipot are within a person, the elements he battles within himself. This is an internal labor. Berg throws [transfers] these to the outside, and his world is pictured as a place with horrendous evil forces attacking people. Anyone who interferes with him, even other people - especially the religious people - are kelipot. If parents object, one is to be ecstatic - because this is a kelipah (evil shell) which one must fight. This article, for example, is a seriously evil shell, and berg will explain to his students that it only demonstrates that the Centre is on the right path."